Optical property of a semiconductor

1)       Equations of Maxwell:

 

2) It upgrades them carrier and it upgrades to climb them:

The definition of upgrades them carrier To è while for it upgrades them to climb f is had .

 

3) Transformation of Gauge:

 

4) Gauge di Coulomb:

 

 

5) Relation between n° of photons and electromagnetic field:

 

 

6) Hamiltoniana of an electron in a crystal subject to an electric field:

where is the Hamiltoniana of interaction due to the perturbation introduced from the electromagnetic field.

 

7) Rule of gold of Firm:

Draft of the probability of transition for unit of time for a photon of energy, it is worth:

 

8) dipole Approximation:

Constant consists in considering respect to r the dependency from z of the electromagnetic field.

 

9) Installments of absorption to volume unit:

 

10) Installments total of emission clearly stimulated to volume unit:

 

11) Installments clearly of absorption:

 

12) Coefficient of absorption:

 

13) reduced Mass:

 

14) Installments of spontaneous emission: