Introduction to the control systems
1) Sistemi of control:
Draft of dispositi that they concur to obtain that a largeness to you, from they generated, follows a prefixed temporal evolution, independently from all the possible variations not wished of inner and external agents.
2) System :
He is whichever with of members whose function cannot be carried out from with of members smaller.
3) Feedback :
Part consists in capturing of marks them of escape the system and to confront it with marks them of income.
4) Effect of the feedback on the linearity of a system :
It contributes to diminish not the linearity of a system, pack-saddles to think to a block with quadratic law to which bringings back in income unitary feedback is marked them of escape through one.
5) System with good reiezione to the disturbance :
It is a system that by means of the feedback succeeds to maintain the level of the escape to the value wished also in presence of disturbs.
6) System with low sensibility to the parametric variations :
It is a system whose behavior weakly depends on the variations of the parameters due is to external causes like variations acclimatizes them that to aging.
7) sturdy System :
A system is said sturdy if it possesses a good reiezione to the disturbance and its behavior is little employee from the variation of the parameters.
8) Suppressor:
Draft of a device that introduces an inferior gain to 1, its presence in reaction chain often contributes to render the system sturdier.
9) System of regulation :
It is a sturdy system to feedback in a position to following the income that slowly supposes variable a lot regarding dynamics of the system.
10) System of enslavement :
It is a sturdy system to feedback in a position to following the income that is supposed variable in the time with one dynamics similar to that one of the system.
11) static System and arranges dynamic:
A system is said static or instantaneous if the ties between the others largenesses can be described from algebriche equations, if instead they are described from equations differentiates them, the system is said dynamic.
12) determinist and stocastici Models :
They are described from equations differentiates them in which the acquaintance of the conditions begins them and of the income applied the determination of the escape concurs univoca. When the incomes or the parameters are not famous with precision if of it it adopts a probabilistico model.
13) Models to parameters concentrate and distributed to you :
It is spoken about models to parameters concentrates to you when the variable ones only depend on the time while for the models to distributed parameters the variable ones are function are of the time that of the position.
14) linear and not linear Models :
A model is to delineate if the escape correspondent to a linear combination of the incomes is the same linear combination of the escapes correspondents to every income. If this principle of the superimposition of the effects is not verified, the system is not linear.
15) When it is possible to approximate a not linear system with a linear system:
When the variations of the variable ones in game are small.
16) stationary Models :
They are models in which is the income that the escape is independent from the time.
17) Equations that characterize the electrical systems :
18) Equations that characterize the traslazionali mechanical systems :
19) Equations that characterize the rotational mechanical systems :
Being J the moment of inertia, B the coefficient of viscous friction and K the elastic constant.
20) Equations that characterize the thermal systems :
where C is the thermal ability and R the thermal resistance while h it is the thermal energy.
21) Motor in controlled continuum flow on the armor :
It concurs to transform electric power in mechanical
energy, on the stator are of the windings of excitation covered from
one continuum flow which generate a constant flow j. To the inside of the stator
there is the rotor on which there are of the windings that ruotano
with the same rotor and are feed with one tension to you andto(t) through of the brushes. In
the rotor circuit they are present also one resistance Rm and one inductance Lm relati you to the windings, therefore
the equation that describes the mesh is 
where 
is the tension that produces to the heads of the
rotor in virtue of the law of Lenz it is worth 
being j constant. The brace
generated engine is 
, to it opposes a resistant
brace due is to the inertia that to the viscous frictions is of the
rotor that of the cargo 
.
22) Principle of operation of the dynamo:
It concurs to convert mechanical energy in electric power,
on the stator there are of the having windingsL c one resistance Rc which are feed you from one tension andc(t) therefore to this mesh is had 
.
In virtue of the fact thatthe c(t) gives place to a flow in the space in which it is
dipped the rotor and that this is subordinate to an external brace
that ago to ruotare, for the law of Lenz, it generates the heads of
the coils that compose the rotor a 
tension in how
much the flow are proporziona them to the current of excitation of the
stator sin when the saturation of the ferromagnetic nucleus is not
caught up. Holding account also of the L inductanced and the R resistanced of the windings of rotor it is had that
the present tension on the collector is 
.